By G O’Connell
For optimal performance, overhead throwing athletes rely heavily on the integrity of the rotator cuff of the shoulder and surrounding structures, which all provide the shoulder with the strength and stability needed for force production. Due to the high demand placed on the shoulder during the action of throwing, damage to the structures of the shoulder (labrum, muscle, or joint capsule), weakness, limitations in mobility, and deficits in motor control of the shoulder blade can lead to injury. Given the importance of shoulder health for throwing athletes, it is crucial to take the necessary steps to prevent injury and promote performance longevity.
Mobility Deficits
One strategy for injury prevention of the shoulder is recognition of mobility deficits. Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) is a common range of motion limitation that can result in injury for throwing athletes. Specifically, decreased mobility of the shoulder into internal rotation can increase the stress experienced by other structures in and around the shoulder. Identifying range of motion deficits prior to injury and implementing appropriate shoulder flexibility techniques can be valuable for optimizing performance and long-term health of the shoulder.
Weakness and Motor Control
While it is important to strengthen the muscles of the shoulder itself, it is also essential to identify potential weakness and motor control deficits in the hips, trunk, and back. The action of throwing involves the entire body, therefore adequate strength and control of the hips and trunk is necessary for power production and minimizing the amount of stress placed on the shoulder. Additionally, the shoulder blade functions in conjunction with the shoulder. Strength and motor control of the muscles in the back allow for optimal movement of the shoulder blade which contributes to the overall function of the shoulder.
Workload Management
Keeping track of pitch counts and innings, monitoring fatigue, and prioritizing rest are three strategies for managing workload. Throwing while fatigued has been linked with higher injury rates, therefore highlighting the importance of limiting overload to the shoulder. Performance longevity for throwing athletes is dependent on appropriate rest between bouts of high-volume throwing.
Physical Therapy for Athletes who Throw Overhead in Queensbury & Saratoga
Athletes in Queensbury and Saratoga benefit from physical therapy designed specifically for the demands of overhead throwing sports. Focused treatment improves mobility, strength, and throwing mechanics while reducing the risk of reinjury. The goal is a safe return to sport with long-term joint health in mind. For sports-specific physical therapy, contact us today.
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